The processes of electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) and nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) induced by Weizsäcker–Williams photons were studied in ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) of nuclei. Various characteristics of secondary nuclei from EMD of nuclei colliding at the LHC, NICA, and the FCC-hh were calculated with RELDIS model. It is impossible to identify masses and charges of secondary nuclei at the LHC and then directly measure the cross sections of production of specific nuclides. However, the ALICE experiment at the LHC has a unique capability to detect forward protons as well as neutrons with its neutron and proton zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs). This opens a possibility to estimate the cross sections of production of secondary nuclei on the basis of measurements of nucleon emission in EMD by means of the ALICE ZDCs. The methods for calculating the ZDC efficiency individually for each nucleon multiplicity were proposed, namely, 1) a simple probabilistic model providing handy formulas to connect the numbers of emitted and detected forward nucleons, applicable to any forward hadron calorimeter; 2) methods based on a full Monte Carlo modeling of the ALICE set-up. Taking into account the ZDC efficiencies, neutron emission cross sections were measured in EMD of ²⁰⁸Pb in UPC at √s_NN = 5.02 TeV. These results can be used for evaluating the impact of secondary nuclei on components of present and future colliders.

(based on the materials of the thesis for the degree of the Candidate of Physics and Mathematics)