Оптика поляризованных γ-квантов, нуклонов и ядер

Refraction of particles (nucleons, nuclei, γ-quanta) in matter with polarised protons (nuclei) results in appearing coherent quasi-optical phenomenon of nuclear spin precession of particles (nuclei) in the pseudomagnetic field of matter with polarised spins and the phenomenon of birefringence of particles (nuclei) with spin S ≥ 1in nonpolarised and polarised matter. These phenomena can be observed and studied at complex NuclotronM-NICA ( JINR, Dubna) and other High Energy accelerators. The study of these phenomena makes it possible to study the manifestation of the contribution of quark-gluon degrees of freedom in various processes involving polarised particles and nuclei. It was found out, in particular, that at high energies of particles (tens, hundreds and thousands of Gev), the effects of «optical anisotropy» are quite significant and they may become the basis of unique methods for the study of the structure of elementary particles, nuclei, and their interactions.