JINR faces

Alexander M. BALDIN

Academician of RAS, Director of JINR Laboratory of High Energies (1968-1997).

Engineer-physicist, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, winner of the Lenin and State Prizes of USSR, author of a number of scientific discoveries, founder of a new direction in nuclear physics – relativistic nuclear physics.

Alexander Baldin

Dmitriy I. BLOKHINTSEV

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences, one of the founders and the first Director of JINR (1956-1965), Director of JINR Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (1965-1979).

His works are devoted to the theory of solids, semiconductor physics, optics, acoustics, quantum mechanics and quantum electronics, nuclear physics, nuclear reactor theory, quantum field theory, elementary particle physics, philosophical and methodological problems of physics. Basing on the quantum theory, he explained the phosphorescence of solids and the rectification effect in electric current on the boundary of two semiconductors.

Dmitry Blokhintsev

Nikolay N. BOGOLIUBOV

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences, Director of JINR (1965-1989), founder and the first Director of JINR Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (1956-1965).

He made a fundamental contribution to the development of statistical mechanics of equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes, where he managed to obtain sizeable results, which were later on named after the prominent scientist and are now a classic. All of these techniques and their results have been widely used in condensed matter physics and quantum physics. They lie at the heart of solving the most important problems of applied mathematical physics.

Dedicated to 110th anniversary of N. N. Bogoliubov

Nikolay Bogoliubov

Venedikt P. DZHELEPOV

Corresponding Member of RAS, Director of JINR LNP (1956-1989).

A prominent scientist, widely known for his research in the field of nuclear physics, elementary particle physics, physics and technology of high-power accelerators and their practical application.

Venedikt Dzhelepov

Georgy N. FLEROV

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Director of JINR LNR (1957-1990).

He developed the methods of obtaining and accelerating multiple-charged heavy ions, created sources of such ions, improved the heavy ion accelerator, and developed the physical and chemical methods of the rapid isolation of unknown reaction products and their identification, especially for spontaneous fission. Together with the staff-members, he synthesized a number of new isotopes of trans-Fermi elements with atomic numbers 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107, and studied their physical and chemical properties.

Georgy Flerov

Ilya M. FRANK

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1958), founder and the first Director of the Laboratory of Neutron Physics (now named after the eminent scientist).

In 1934, P.A. Cherenkov discovered that charged particles passing through water at very high speeds emit light. I.M. Frank and I.E. Tamm provided a theoretical description of this effect, which occurs when particles move in a medium at the velocities exceeding the phase velocity of light emission in this medium. This discovery led to the creation of a new method for detecting and measuring the velocity of high-energy nuclear particles. This method is of great importance in contemporary experimental nuclear physics.

Ilya Frank

Nikolay N. GOVORUN

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Director of JINR LCTA (1988-1989).

A specialist in computational mathematics and computer science, automation of physical experiment, system and application programming, computer-aided research, computer and multicomputer software. The initiator of the creation of local information computer network of JINR.

Nikolay Govorun

Horia HULUBEI

Prominent Romanian physicist, Doctor of Science in Physics, Professor, Academician of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (1937), Corresponding Member of the French Academy of Sciences and of the Portuguese Academy of Sciences. One of the founders of the Institute.

His works were devoted to optical, X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics. For many years H. Hulubei was a member of the Scientific Council of JINR. As the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Government of Romania to JINR, he contributed greatly to the development of cooperation between Romanian and Dubna scientists. In Romania, H. Hulubei was also a Member of Parliament, Science Advisor to the President of Romania, and Head of the National Council for Science and Technology. As his legacy, he left behind the school of nuclear physics.

Horia Hulubei

Leopold INFELD

Prominent Polish physicist, one of the founders of the Polish School of Theoretical Physics, Academician of the Polish Academy of Sciences and a number of foreign academies. A member of the Scientific Council of JINR. One of the founders of the Institute.

His scientific works are devoted to the general theory of relativity and to classical, relativistic and quantum field theory. Together with M. Born, he constructed (1934) a phenomenological model of classical electrodynamics (Born – Infeld theory). Together with A. Einstein and B. Hoffmann, within the general theory of relativity, he derived equations of motion for bodies from the field equations and constructed a working theory of gravitating bodies in a gravitational field (Einstein – Infeld – Hoffmann theory). He wrote “The Evolution of Physics” (1938, together with A. Einstein) and a book devoted to Évariste Galois (1948).

Leopold Infeld

Lajos JÁNOSSY

Prominent Hungarian physicist, Academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1950). One of the founders of the Institute. A member of a number of academies and scientific societies.

He was a member of the first board of the Scientific Council of JINR and Plenipotentiary Representative of the Government of Hungary to JINR (1958-1959). He made a significant contribution to the development of JINR and its international relations and was the founder of the Hungarian school of modern nuclear physics. Together with G. Rochester, he discovered penetrating showers of cosmic rays (1940), suggested the mechanism of meson production in cosmic rays – multiple production (1943), and explained the mechanism of meson production in the nucleus.

Lajos Jánossy

Vladimir G. KADYSHEVSKY

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, International Academy of Electrotechnical Sciences, International Academy of Higher Education, Professor. Director (1992-2005) and Scientific Leader (2006-2014) of JINR.

He was an eminent specialist in the theory of elementary particles and high-energy physics and the founder of the world-renowned school of theoretical physicists. Widely known has become his pioneering research in the quantum field theory in the spacetime with a “non-commutative geometry”, the theory of internal symmetry, the relativistic two-body problem (referred to as “the Kadyshevsky equation” in the literature), the three-dimensional relativistic formulation of quantum field theory, and the description of strong and electroweak interactions beyond the Standard Model.

Vladimir Kadyshevsky

Dezső KISS

Famous physicist and organizer of scientific research, Academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Director (1989–1992) and Honorary Director of JINR.

Prominent Hungarian physicist, a major specialist in the field of physics of elementary particles and atomic nuclei. His research interests included experimental particle physics and physics of atomic nuclei, neutrino physics. He held the post of Deputy Director General of the CRIP HAS (1979–1989). He carried out his scientific activities in FLNP JINR (1960–1963), the Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark (1967–1969), CERN (1975–1976). He was a member of the editorial staff of the journal “Physics of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei”. He authored the book (jointly with A.L. Luibimov) “Introduction to experimental particle physics”. Dezső Kiss was President of the Eotvos Physical Society. He contributed greatly to the development of JINR. He was honoured to receive the following orders: the Order “Shock worker of Socialist Labour” (1960); the Golden Order of Labour, Hungarian People’s Republic (1975); the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, USSR (1979).

Dezső Kiss

Mikhail G. MESHCHERYAKOV

Physicist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the founder and the first Director of the research center in Dubna, the founder of Dubna.

His major works were in the field of accelerators, nuclear physics, and elementary particles. Together with D.V. Efremov and A.L. Mints, he supervised the construction of the first Soviet 680 MeV synchrocyclotron. The research that he conducted allowed detecting the resonance effects in nucleon-nucleon interactions and establishing the dependency of π-meson spectra on the size of irradiated nuclei. A number of his works were devoted to the problem of automation of physics research.

110th anniversary of birth of Mikhail G. Meshcheryakov

Mikhail Meshcheryakov

Georgi Stefanov NADJAKOV

Prominent Bulgarian physicist, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (1940), Academician of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1945), a foreign member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958). One of the founders of the Institute.

He was a member of the Scientific Council of JINR (1956-1973) and the Plenipotentiary of Bulgaria at JINR (1957-1970). His work was mainly devoted to the experimental study of photoconductive properties of sulfur, electrical properties of dielectrics and semiconductors, and the issues of nuclear physics. G. S. Nadjakov was the first to achieve the stable photoelectret state of matter and describe the discovery of this phenomenon in the monographs published in 1937 and 1938. He also was an active public figure: a Member of the World Peace Council and Chairman of the Bulgarian Peace Committee.

Georgi Nadjakov

Henryk NIEWODNICZAŃSKI

Prominent Polish experimental physicist, Doctor of Science, Professor, Academician of the Polish Academy of Sciences. One of the founders of the Institute.

Winner of the Prize awarded by the Polish Council of State for achievements in the application of nuclear energy. He was a member of several scientific councils, including the Scientific Council of JINR. He proposed to found the Department of Nuclear Spectroscopy and Radiochemistry in the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems. The research by G. Niewodniczanski was devoted to low energy nuclear physics and atomic spectroscopy. In 1934, he experimentally proved the existence of magnetic dipole radiation.

Henryk Niewodniczański

Bruno M. PONTECORVO

Academician of the USSR Academy od Scienses (1964). Graduated from the University of Rome (1933). Laureate of the USSR State prize (1953) and the Lenin prize (1963). Head of Department, LNP JINR (1956-1993), Scientific Adviser of the JINR Directorate.

An outstanding physicist of our time, the author of the fundamental ideas about the universal nature of the weak interaction, the difference between electron and muon neutrinos, the neutrino oscillation, he lived and worked in Dubna for many years. Most famously, Pontecorvo suggested in 1957-1958 that neutrinos might “oscillate” – change from one type to another. In 1959 Pontecorvo showed that neutrinos produced in the decays of particles from an accelerator could be observed with big detectors and proposed an experiment to find out if electron and muon neutrinos differ from each other. He was awarded the Lenin prize in 1963 for experimental and theoretical research in neutrino physics and weak interaction.

Bruno Pontecorvo

Website dedicated to the memory of Bruno Pontecorvo

Alexei N. SISSAKIAN

Distinguished theoretical physicist and organizer of scientific research based on broad international cooperation, Academician, a member of the RAS Presidium, JINR Director (2006-2010). He was a laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize in Science and Technology (1973).

In quantum field theory A.N. Sissakian with co-authors were the first to propose and develop the straight-line path approximation – an effective method of continual integration, which has found wide application in theoretical physics. A.N. Sissakian and colleagues offered a new description of processes with large momentum transfers within the three-dimensional formalism of quantum field theory and developed a multi-component approach in the theory of multiple particle production. Of wide recognition were the studies of A.N. Sisakian on the development and application of nonperturbative methods in quantum field theory and the development of new approaches to very high multiplicity processes. He initiated and headed the flagship project of JINR towards the construction of a heavy-ion collider NICA.

Alexei Sissakian

Albert N. TAVKHELIDZE

Prominent physicist, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Academician of RAS, winner of the Lenin Prize and State Prizes of the USSR.

Honorary Doctor of JINR, co-discoverer of “behavior of large-angle elastic scattering of hadrons at high energies – the Matveev-Muradyan-Tavkhelidze quark counting rules», No.343 (USSR, 1973). He was the world’s largest specialist in the study of quantum field theory, elementary particle theory, theory of quarks, and chromodynamics.

Albert Tavkhelidze

Șerban ȚIȚEICA

Renowned Romanian scientist, Doctor of Science, Professor, Academician of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, Vice-Director of JINR (1962-1964), a foreign member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The dissertation by S.Titeica “The behaviour of electric resistance of metals in magnetic field” published in «Annalen der Physik» in 1935 contained the quantum theoretical explanation of the experimental data obtained by Pyotr Kapitsa in strong magnetic fields in 1929. He was the first to suggest the quantization of electron motion in a magnetic field. This work was the forerunner of the modern theory of hopping conductivity.

Șerban Ţiţeica

Vladimir I. VEKSLER

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, father of the JINR synchrophasotron (10 GeV), the first Director of JINR Laboratory of High Energies (1956-1966).

Under his direction, the first Soviet synchrotron and the most powerful at the time proton accelerator – synchrophasotron (10 GeV) – were built in Dubna in 1947 and 1957, respectively.

Vladimir Veksler

Václav VOTRUBA

Eminent Czechoslovakian physicist, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Vice-Director of JINR (1956-1959), Academician of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, winner of the State Prize of the CSSR “For service to the community.”

He was the first to solve the problem of the electron-positron pair creation caused by the collision of a photon and an electron. He suggested that pi-mesons can be interpreted as the triple-charged elementary particles with isotopic spin 1. Moreover, he applied isotopic spin algebra to systematize elementary particles.

Václav Votruba

Tsvetan Dimitrov VYLOV

Eminent Bulgarian physicist, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Vice-Director of JINR (1992-2006).

He was a well-known specialist in the fields of development of nuclear spectroscopy, study of radioactive decay, characteristic radiation of nuclei, properties of neutrinos in radioactive decay. He was awarded with the Bulgarian Order of St. Cyril and Methodius and the Russian Federation Order of Friendship.

Tsvetan Vylov

WANG Ganchang

Prominent Chinese scientist and researcher, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of China. Vice-Director of JINR (1958-1960), one of the founders of the Institute.

A prominent scientist in the field of elementary particle physics and nuclear fusion. One of the activists in the implementation of the nuclear programme of the PRC, one of the creators of the Chinese atomic weapons. Honorary Doctor of the Moscow State University. winner of the State Prize of China in science and for advances in science and technology. Co-author of the “antisigma-minus hyperon” discovery made by the scientists of JINR.

Wang Ganchang