The statistics of mesoscopic systems and the physical interpretation of extensive and non-extensive entropies
Семинары
Семинар «Релятивистская ядерная динамика»
Дата и время: понедельник, 5 марта 2018 г., в 11:30
Место: Конференц-зал им. Блохинцева (4-й этаж), Лаборатория теоретической физики им. Н.Н. Боголюбова
Тема семинара: «The statistics of mesoscopic systems and the physical interpretation of extensive and non-extensive entropies»
Авторы: Драгос-Виктор Ангел1 и Александру Парван2
1 — Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH),
Bucharest, Romania;
2 — Лаборатория теоретической физики им. Н.Н.Боголюбова, ОИЯИ, Дубна, Россия
Докладчик: Драгос-Виктор Ангел
Аннотация:
Strictly speaking, the postulates of thermodynamics apply only to macroscopic systems. They lead to the definition of the entropy, which, for a homogeneous system, is a homogeneous function of order one in the extensive variables and is maximized at equilibrium. We say that the macroscopic systems are extensive and so it is also the entropy. For a mesoscopic system (e.g. nanosystems, nuclear systems, astronomic systems), by definition, the size and the contacts with other systems influence its thermodynamic properties and therefore, if we define an entropy, this cannot be a homogeneous of order one function in the extensive variables. So, mesoscopic systems and their entropies are non-extensive. We propose here a general definition of the entropy in the equilibrium state, which is applicable to both, macroscopic and mesoscopic systems. This definition still leaves an apparent ambiguity in the expression of the entropy of a mesoscopic system, but this we recognize as the signature of the anthropomorphic character of the entropy (see Jaynes, Am. J. Phys. 33, 391, 1965). To exemplify our approach, we analyze four formulas for the entropy (two for extensive and two for non-extensive entropies) and calculate the equilibrium (canonical) distribution of probabilities by two methods for each. We show that these methods, although widely used, are not equivalent and one of them is a consequence of our definition of the entropy of a compound system.